{"id":3080,"date":"2024-01-19T13:29:09","date_gmt":"2024-01-19T13:29:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cuvaricevremena.eu\/?p=3080"},"modified":"2024-01-20T14:37:00","modified_gmt":"2024-01-20T14:37:00","slug":"pedeset-nijansi-prvog-svjetskog-rata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cuvaricevremena.eu\/index.php\/2024\/01\/19\/pedeset-nijansi-prvog-svjetskog-rata\/","title":{"rendered":"Pedeset nijansi Prvog svjetskog rata"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Kao najve\u0107i dotada\u0161nji vojni sukob, Prvi svjetski rat promijenio je \u017eivote mnogih. Povod za njega bio je atentat na habsbur\u0161kog prijestolonasljednika Franju Ferdinanda i njegovu suprugu Sofiju u Sarajevu 28. lipnja 1914. Atentator Gavrilo Princip tako je zape\u010datio sudbinu ne samo Europe, nego i svijeta. Slu\u017ebeno je zapo\u010deo 28. srpnja te godine, a\u00a0 trajao <\/span>je<\/span> do 11. studenoga 1918.<\/span><\/p>

Sile Antante koju su \u010dinile Velika Britanija, Rusija i Francuska, kasnije potpomognute SAD-om i Italijom, pobijedile su Centralne sile (Austro-Ugarska i Njema\u010dka uz pomo\u0107 Otomanskog carstva i Bugarske). Bio je to najve\u0107i sukob do tada, u kojem je sudjelovalo 36 od 54 dr\u017eave, te se vodio na teritoriju 14 dr\u017eava. Kao posljedica nestala su neka carstva i monarhije, uklju\u010duju\u0107i i Njema\u010dku, Austro-Ugarsku i Otomansko carstvo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

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Karta s prikazima boji\u0161nica i zara\u0107enih strana. Fotografija: enciklopedija.hr<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>

Glas malog \u010dovjeka<\/h4>

U ovakvom megalomanskom doga\u0111aju \u017eivoti malih ljudi, obi\u010dnih vojnika i njihovih obitelji te\u0161ko dopiru do nas.<\/p>

Ipak, Stjepan Serti\u0107, profesionalni vojnik, ostavio nam je pri\u010du svog ratnog puta ispri\u010danu u formi postkarata koje \u0161alje svoju \u017eeni, Nataliji Serti\u0107.<\/p>

Ova forma postkarata rijetkost je na na\u0161im prostorima. Dok fotografije prikazuju vojni\u010dki \u017eivot i put, pisma prikazuju uobi\u010dajeno dopisivanje supru\u017enika. Stjepan \u017eeni ne pi\u0161e \u010desto o u\u017easima rata, te su pisma u kojima \u201cganja ruseke\u201d ili mu kosa opada od bolesti i stresa rijetkost. Umjesto toga, pi\u0161e joj ljubavna pisma puna \u010de\u017enje i\/ili zanimljivosti iz njegova \u201cuobi\u010dajenog\u201d vojni\u010dkog \u017eivota.<\/span><\/p>

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Stjepan Serti\u0107 na postkarti datiranoj 20. 12. 1915. Foto: Gr\u017eina, Hrvoje, Stipan\u010devi\u0107, Mario. U predasima Velikoga rata. Postkarte Stjepana Serti\u0107a 1915.\u20131918. Zagreb: Hrvatski dr\u017eavni arhiv, 2019.<\/figcaption><\/figure>

\u010covjekovi najbolji prijatelji<\/h4>

\u017divoti ljudi i \u017eivotinja neraskidivo su povezani. Na\u017ealost, i ratne sudbine su im povezane. Tako je u Prvom svjetskom ratu stradalo oko 8 milijuna konja, a na strani Antante “borilo” se i 20 000 pasa. Serti\u0107u i njegovim ratnim suborcima u bespu\u0107ima Karpata i Galicije dru\u0161tvo je pravila kujica Lola, ali i ma\u010dka. Tako su \u017eivotinje, osim borbene uloge imale i va\u017enu psiholo\u0161ku i dru\u0161tvenu ulogu u ratu. Upravo o kujici Loli Seti\u0107 je supruzi Nataliji pisao u dva navrata.<\/p>

Na istoj postkarti u kojoj pi\u0161e o kujici Loli, ali i na mnogim drugima Serti\u0107 se spominje vina i alkoholnih pi\u0107a koje vojnici dobivaju od dr\u017eave, ali i od svojih bli\u017enjih. To vino vojnicima je dobro do\u0161lo kako bi se okrijepili te olak\u0161ali ratne strahote koje su prolazili. To je i jedan od razloga za\u0161to su neki od vojnika postali alkoholi\u010dari te to ostali i nakon povratka civilnom \u017eivotu. Rat je jednostavno bio previ\u0161e za njih. <\/span>Ipak, na\u0161em glavnom junaku kupica vin\u010deka bila je prigoda da se prisjeti doma, jesenske berbe, obiteljske topline i raznih, naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e lijepih prigoda u kojima se to vino konzumiralo.<\/span><\/p>

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Serti\u0107 i njegovi suborci pri ru\u010dku sa kujicom Lolom. Foto: Gr\u017eina, Hrvoje, Stipan\u010devi\u0107, Mario. U predasima Velikoga rata. Postkarte Stjepana Serti\u0107a 1915.-1918. Zagreb: Hrvatski dr\u017eavni arhiv, 2019.<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Tiho plove moje \u010de\u017enje<\/h4>

Serti\u0107 je u doba izbijanja rata imao 32 godine te je bio sretno o\u017eenjen Natalijom Serti\u0107 s kojom je \u017eivio u Zagorju. Pisma odnosno postkarte koje razmjenjuje sa suprugom odli\u010dan su nam prikaz ratne svakodnevice, ali i poku\u0161aje imitiranja normalnog \u017eivota.<\/p>

Stjepana i Nataliju je, unato\u010d povremenim dopustima, mu\u010dila razdvojenost tako da u pismima \u010desto izmjenjuju strastvene i ljubavne rije\u010di. Dapa\u010de, ponekad rije\u010di postanu eksplicitne, pa se spominje i Natina “ritica”, “cicek” i milovanje fotografija. Po nekim postkartama mo\u017ee se zaklju\u010diti da \u201cmala mi\u0161kica\u201d, kako Natku Serti\u0107 naziva, osje\u0107a isto. Svakako je zanimljivo vidjeti takve izraze ljubavi u vremenu koje ina\u010de smatramo u\u0161togljenim, a iznena\u0111uje da je i jedno od najeksplicitnijih pisama pisano na pole\u0111ini fotografije vojni\u010dkog karaktera koja prikazuje Serti\u0107a i ostatak vojnika.<\/span><\/p>

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Serti\u0107 i njegovi suborci. Foto: Gr\u017eina, Hrvoje, Stipan\u010devi\u0107, Mario. U predasima Velikoga rata. Postkarte Stjepana Serti\u0107a 1915.\u20131918. Zagreb: Hrvatski dr\u017eavni arhiv, 2019.<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Requiem<\/em> za cara<\/h4>

Jedan od va\u017enijih doga\u0111aja koji su se zbili tijekom rata zasigurno je smrt jednog od “sukrivca” za njegov po\u010detak, habsbur\u0161kog cara Franje Josipa.\u00a0 Naime, car je umro 21. listopada 1916. godine.<\/p>

Jedan od najdugovje\u010dnijih vladara, simbol i institucija jednog vremena. Sudbina carstva u novim je rukama te vojnici sada ratuju u ime Karla I.<\/span><\/p>

Cijelo carstvo je nakon careve smrti bilo zavijeno u crno te su se u carevu \u010dast i za pokoj njegove du\u0161e slu\u017eile mise, pa \u010dak i na rati\u0161tima. U postkarti poslanoj tom prigodom Serti\u0107 prikazuje upravo jednu takvu. Religijske sve\u010danosti i blagdani bili su izuzetno va\u017eni vojnicima, pa tako i Stjepanu. U jednoj od postkarata hvali se \u017eeni kako je sam izgradio i uresio kapelicu te ju moli da fotografija poka\u017ee \u010dasnama, a \u010desto se na njima nalaze mise, crkve ali i sve\u0107enici.<\/span><\/p>

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Fotografija prikazuje requiem<\/em> za cara odr\u017ean na boji\u0161nici. Na fotografiji mo\u017eemo vidjeti i Serti\u0107a u prvim redovima. Foto: Gr\u017eina, Hrvoje, Stipan\u010devi\u0107, Mario. U predasima Velikoga rata. Postkarte Stjepana Serti\u0107a 1915.\u20131918. Zagreb: Hrvatski dr\u017eavni arhiv, 2019.<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Kaciga glavu \u010duva<\/h4>

Ne smijemo zaboraviti da postkarte nastaju u vrijeme ratnog sukoba, unato\u010d tome \u0161to Serti\u0107 ratna zbivanja ne prikazuje suvi\u0161e ozbiljnima.<\/span><\/p>

Tako je i pojavu kaciga opisao na svoj specifi\u010dan, humoristi\u010dan na\u010din. Za pretpostaviti je da se radi o njema\u010dkom modelu kaciga \u201cM-16 Stahlhelm\u201d koje su u upotrebu u\u0161le 1916. godine. Smatra se naju\u010dinkovitijom kacigom Prvog svjetskog rata, a izgleda da se i sam Serti\u0107, koji je kacigu itekako isprobao sla\u017ee s tom tvrdnjom.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Vrlo vjerojatno je i pojava kacige dijelom zaslu\u017ena za to da se ovaj \u201cratoborni mu\u017eek s loncem na glavi\u201d vrati svojoj voljenoj Natki po zavr\u0161etku rata.<\/span><\/p>

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Serti\u0107 sa svojim ratnim drugovima. Iako su na fotografiji zapisana imena, ona nisu to\u010dna. Osim Serti\u0107a, naravno. Foto: Gr\u017eina, Hrvoje, Stipan\u010devi\u0107, Mario. U predasima Velikoga rata. Postkarte Stjepana Serti\u0107a 1915.\u20131918. Zagreb: Hrvatski dr\u017eavni arhiv, 2019.<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Kraj velikog rata<\/h4>

Jednu od zadnjih postkarti iz Velikog rata Serti\u0107 \u0161alje u svibnju 1918. godine. Na njoj jasno prikazuje i komentira opsege ratnih razaranja koja je vidio u Italiji, gdje je i do\u010dekao kraj rata. Iako je opis poprili\u010dno stra\u0161an i rezigniran u isto vrijeme, prelazi s te teme poprili\u010dno lako, kao da pri\u010da o ne\u010dem svakida\u0161njem.<\/span><\/p>

Utje\u0161no je za znati da je pri kraju svog ratnog puta te mnogih bolesti i patnji koje je pro\u0161ao poprili\u010dno dobra zdravlja, ali i da na ljubav izme\u0111u njega i njegove Natalije nisu mogli utjecati ni rat, ni udaljenost.<\/span><\/p>

Na ovoj postkarti Serti\u0107 postavlja supruzi pitanje o povi\u0161ici, \u0161to insinuira na to da Natalija radi, iako o tome nemamo vi\u0161e podataka. Tako\u0111er, nije jasno za\u0161to Serti\u0107 sebe naziva dedekom, a Nataliju babicom, iako u to doba ima samo 35 godina.<\/span><\/p>

Mo\u017eda se nakon svega prepa\u0107enog osje\u0107ao kao starac, ali sigurno tako o sebi ne bi mislio da je znao da \u0107e do\u017eivjeti duboku starost od 84 godine, te oti\u0107i samo pola godine nakon svoje Natke. A i mnoga druga boji\u0161ta, ratovi i bitke\u00a0<\/span>tek <\/span>su bili pred njim, kao i u\u017eivanje u obiteljskom \u017eivotu. Ali to je ve\u0107 neka druga pri\u010da\u2026<\/span><\/p>

\u017delite pro\u010ditati jo\u0161 ovakvih tekstova? Kliknite na Ali to nije sve!<\/a> i u\u017eivajte!<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Literatura:<\/h4>

Gr\u017eina, Hrvoje, Stipan\u010devi\u0107, Mario. U predasima Velikoga rata. Postkarte Stjepana Serti\u0107a 1915.-1918. Zagreb: Hrvatski dr\u017eavni arhiv, 2019.<\/span><\/p>

Mo\u017enik, Dominik. “Uzroci Prvog svjetskog rata. Procesi i mehanizmi izbijanja svjetskog sukoba”, Povijest u nastavi Vol. XIII., No. 25 (1), 2015. <\/span><\/p>

svjetski ratovi, Hrvatska enciklopedija https:\/\/enciklopedija.hr\/clanak\/59137 15.01.2024.<\/span><\/span><\/p>

https:\/\/vojnapovijest.vecernji.hr\/vojna-povijest\/sjetimo-se-i-zivotinja-koje-su-se-borile-u-prvome-svjetskom-ratu-953197 14.01.2024.<\/p>

https:\/\/vojnapovijest.vecernji.hr\/vojna-povijest\/pet-vojnih-kaciga-iz-prvoga-svjetskog-rata-1012777 14.01.2024.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kao najve\u0107i dotada\u0161nji vojni sukob, Prvi svjetski rat promijenio je \u017eivote mnogih. Povod za njega bio je atentat na habsbur\u0161kog prijestolonasljednika Franju Ferdinanda i njegovu suprugu Sofiju u Sarajevu 28. lipnja 1914. Atentator Gavrilo Princip tako je zape\u010datio sudbinu ne samo Europe, nego i svijeta. Slu\u017ebeno je zapo\u010deo 28. srpnja te godine, a\u00a0 trajao je […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3122,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,17],"tags":[138,139,137,140],"class_list":["post-3080","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ali-to-nije-sve","category-povijesni-lifestyle","tag-fotografija","tag-pismo","tag-rat","tag-stjepan-sertic"],"yoast_head":"\nPedeset nijansi Prvog svjetskog rata - 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