{"id":1862,"date":"2023-11-05T12:35:44","date_gmt":"2023-11-05T12:35:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cuvaricevremena.eu\/?p=1862"},"modified":"2023-11-25T22:31:12","modified_gmt":"2023-11-25T22:31:12","slug":"julija-kci-cara-augusta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cuvaricevremena.eu\/index.php\/2023\/11\/05\/julija-kci-cara-augusta\/","title":{"rendered":"Julia, k\u0107er cara Augusta"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Prikaz cara Augusta i k\u0107eri Julije. Preuzeto: Feminae Romanae<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Julija, punog imena Julia Augusti filia, bila je jedina biolo\u0161ka k\u0107i prvog rimskog cara Augusta (punog imena Gaj Julije Cezar Oktavijan August) i njegove druge \u017eene Skribonije te pripadnica prve carske Julijevsko-klaudijevske dinastije. Ro\u0111ena je na dan razvoda svojih roditelja.<\/span><\/p>\n

Izvori ka\u017eu da je majku upoznala tek u zrelim godinama. August je preuzeo brigu za njezin odgoj i obrazovanje. Odgajana je da postane tradicionalna rimska matrona: moralna, skromna \u017eena koja zna plesti te vjerna svome suprugu kojem \u0107e roditi nasljednike. Bila je iznimno na\u010ditana. Zavoljela je raznoliku literaturu koju joj je August priredio kao temelj obrazovanja.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Prikaz Gaja Julija Cezara Oktavijana Augusta, prvog rimskog cara. Preuzeto: Istrapedia.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Njezin glavni zadatak bio je da, kao careva k\u0107i, osigura budu\u0107eg carskog nasljednika, kad ve\u0107 supruga Livija nije mogla. Posljedi\u010dno, svi su njezini brakovi bili politi\u010dke prirode. <\/span><\/p>\n

Julijini dinasti\u010dki brakovi<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Imala je svega 14 godina kada je postala suprugom Marcela, Augustovog miljenika kojeg je posebno pripremao za svog nasljednika. Time bi preuzela ulogu budu\u0107e carice, no sudbina je ispisala druga\u010diju pri\u010du. Julija nije postala nova carica radi Marcelove prerane  smrti.<\/span><\/p>\n

August je zatim njezinu ruku dao svom vjernom prijatelju i vojskovo\u0111i, Marku Agripi. Agripi je rodila sinove Gaja Cezara, Lucija Cezara i Agripu Postuma te k\u0107eri Julije Mla\u0111e i Agripinu Stariju.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cesto je pratila Agripu na njegovim vojnim zadacima, te je upoznala cijeli mediteranski svijet. Ipak, brak s Agripom nije dugo potrajao. Ubrzo nakon njegove smrti, svoje sudbonosno \u201cDA\u201d izgovorila je Tiberiju, budu\u0107em rimskom caru. \u0160u\u0161kalo se da je bacila oko na njega jo\u0161 dok je bila u braku s Agripom, no prava istina je da nisu se voljeli. \u0160tovi\u0161e, neki bi rekli da su se mrzili. Brak je zavr\u0161io razvodom nakon 6 godina bez potomaka.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Julijini mu\u017eevi. Preuzeto: The Collector.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Dozvoljeno joj je da sudjeluje u tzv. ovacijama, ceremonijama u \u010dast vojnim pobjedama. Naime, August je napravio presedan u rimskoj povijesti. Stvorio je novi rimski obi\u010daj kojim je carskim \u017eenama <\/span>dozvoljeno<\/span> <\/span>prisustvovanje raznim politi\u010dkim i vojnim sve\u010danostima. Njegova k\u0107i posebno je u\u017eivala taj privilegij.<\/span><\/p>\n

Julijino pravo lice<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Prikaz Augustove k\u0107eri Julije. Preuzeto: The Collector<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Sve ovo karakterizira Juliju Stariju (39. pr. Kr. <\/span>\u2013 <\/span>14. po. Kr.), \u017eenu \u010dije ime ne\u0107ete prona\u0107i me\u0111u <\/span>Najzna\u010dajnijiim drevnim Rimljankama<\/span><\/i>, odnosno na popisu utjecajnih \u017eena rimskog dru\u0161tva. Julija nije bila uzorna Rimljanka. Bila je sve samo ne tradicionalna, <\/span>moralna, \u010destita i skromna \u017eena vjerna suprugu, ona <\/span>koja pazi da ne \u010dini sramotna djela jer bi time naru\u0161ila ugled svome suprugu.<\/p>\n

Julija je bila ponosna i svojeglava mlada \u017eena, o\u010diju punih entuzijazma i zaraznog osmijeha. Ka\u017eu da je imala odli\u010dan smisao za humor, bez da\u0161ka arogancije. \u010cesto nije marila za dru\u0161tvene norme i pravila. Svoju sudbinu, iako je imala dogovorene politi\u010dke brakove, krojila je sama, posebice u vrijeme kada su njezini mu\u017eevi izbivali iz Rima radi vojnih zadataka.<\/p>\n

Voljela je sve \u0161to vole mladi i bogati Rimljani: luksuz, putena zadovoljstva, zabave i neumjerene gozbe s alkoholom u potocima i plesom do ranih jutarnjih sati.<\/span><\/p>\n

Julijin modni izri\u010daj<\/h4>\n

Bila je modna trendseterica. Prkosila je tradicionalnoj rimskoj \u017eenskoj odje\u0107i kakvu je propagirala Livija, Augustova supruga koju je car isticao u rimskom dru\u0161tvu kao uzornu \u017eenu. Julijin stil bio je u skladu s njezinim temperamentom \u2013 ki\u0107en, pun luckastih i \u017eivopisnih boja te uvijek skladno ukomponiranih modnih dodataka.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Novac s prikazom Augustove supruge Livije (lijevo) i k\u0107eri Julije (desno). Preuzeto: Time Travel Rome<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ka\u017eu da su mnoge Rimljanke poku\u0161avale kopirati i 20 godina mla\u0111u Juliju, a ne samo elegantnu Liviju. Otac joj se \u010desto ljutio na stil odijevanja. Juliji je bio dovoljan njegov pogled da zna da mu ne odgovara njezina odje\u0107a. Ipak ga je poslu\u0161ala u slu\u010dajevima kada je trebala biti odjevena prikladno za neki ritual ili slavlje gdje je bila nazo\u010dna i njegova malenkost.<\/p>\n

Vedru, veselu, duhovitu i vrckavu, Rim ju je volio. Ona je voljela Rim i sve njegove \u010dari kada je sunce sakrilo svoje zrake. <\/span><\/p>\n

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 Ulomak iz Julijinog dnevnika, Pandaterija (4. po. Kr.). Preuzeto: J. Williams, August, Fraktura 2017.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Drugim rije\u010dima, Julijinu osobnu iskaznicu povijest ne pamti zbog doprinosa razvoju rimskog dru\u0161tva i kulture, sna\u017ene politi\u010dke uloge netipi\u010dne za rimske obi\u010daje, o\u010duvanih filozofskih ili umjetni\u010dkih radova, nekog otkri\u0107a i sli\u010dno. Juliju povijest pamti zbog dva prijestupa o kojima svjedo\u010de stari izvje\u0161taji pisani rukom anti\u010dkih pisaca.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvi prijestup: preljubnica<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\"\"
 Ulomak iz Julijinog dnevnika, Pandaterija (4. po. Kr.). Preuzeto: J. Williams, August, Fraktura 2017.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Juliju je do prvog prijestupa doveo njezin stil \u017eivota. Izvori tvrde da je voljela raznovrsna slavlja na kojim je \u010desto pretjerivala u ispijanju vina i putenim radostima. Takvo pona\u0161anje naj\u010de\u0161\u0107e joj se pripisuje nakon razvoda s Tiberijem, kada je bila slobodna \u017eena, no anti\u010dki pisci spekuliraju da je ljubovala s mu\u0161karcima i dok je bila udana za Tiberija. Tu sumnju dodatno potvr\u0111uje i me\u0111usobna netrpeljivost Tiberija i Julije.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

August je zasigurno znao za njezin raskala\u0161en \u017eivot, ali \u017emirio je na jedno oko. Ipak mu je bila jedina k\u0107i iako se nije uklapala u njegovu propagandu politike obnove rimskog dru\u0161tva. Na\u017ealost, rimsku javnost pogodio je takav skandal da \u010dak niti princeps nije mogao spasiti njezinu ionako ukaljanu \u010dast.<\/p>\n

\u0160to se dogodilo?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Julija se zajedno sa svojim prijateljima i prijateljicama toliko napila da su oti\u0161li na <\/span>Forum Romanorum<\/span><\/i> te partijali na svetoj <\/span>rostri<\/span>. Oskvrnuta svetost slavne rimske govornice nije mogla pro\u0107i neka\u017enjeno.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
Rekonstrukcija rostre u doba cara Augusta. Preuzeto: Wikipedia.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Svetonije je zabilje\u017eio da je August toliko bio shrvan k\u0107erinim pona\u0161anjem da je morao reagirati. Sam je \u201cobavijestio senat putem pisma koje je u njegovoj odsutnosti pro\u010ditao kvestor; od stida se dugo nije pojavljivao  me\u0111u ljudima, \u0161tovi\u0161e, pomi\u0161ljao je da je osudi na smrt.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Julija je dovedena na sud. Najvi\u0161e joj se sudilo radi brojnih ljubavnih afera. Njima je prekr\u0161ila zakon o braku i preljubu (<\/span>Lex Iulia<\/span><\/i>) koji je donio njezin otac na istoj onoj rostri gdje je slavila sa svojom pijanom dru\u017einom. Osim preljuba, sudilo joj se i za jo\u0161 ve\u0107i zlo\u010din.<\/span><\/p>\n

Drugi prijestup: urotnica protiv vlastitog oca?<\/strong><\/h4>\n
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Ulomak iz Julijinog dnevnika, Pandaterija (4. po. Kr.). Preuzeto: J. Williams, August, Fraktura 2017.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

O drugom  Julijinom prijestupu jo\u0161 uvijek se naveliko raspravlja u znanosti. Naime, ako je za vjerovati Pliniju Starijem, Julija je \u201coptu\u017eena zbog preljuba i urote\u201d. Drugim rije\u010dima, sudilo joj se i da je kovala urotu protiv vlastitog oca.<\/span><\/p>\n

Velej Paterkul iznosi imena urotnika protiv cara Augusta, onih koji su u Julijevoj optu\u017ebi protiv <\/span>Lex Iulia<\/span><\/i> bili navedeni kao njezini ljubavnici. To su Sempronije Grakho, Apije Klaudije, Kvint Krispin, Scipion i Jul Antonije. Iz izvora znamo da je Jul smaknut, a za ostale se spekulira da su<\/span> tako\u0111er osu\u0111eni na smrtnu kaznu.<\/p>\n

Tacit donosi informacije da je Sempronije Grakho bio Julijin dugogodi\u0161nji ljubavnik. Zapisao je i da je Julija prezirala Tiberija do te mjere da se on povukao na otok Rod. Za Grakha spominje da taj \u201cuporni ljubavnik razjariva\u0161e njezin ponos i njezinu mr\u017enju protiv mu\u017ea\u201d te da su zapravo njegove rije\u010di zapisane u Julijinom uvredljivom pismu o Tiberiju koje je poslala Augustu.<\/span><\/p>\n

A gdje je tu Julija? <\/strong><\/h4>\n

Osim Plinijevog navoda, ostali izvori ne govore da je Julija osobno sudjelovala u uroti protiv vlastitog oca. Ipak, to \u0161to je bila ljubavnica urotnika protiv rimskog cara u\u010dinilo ju je krivom. August ju nije mogao po\u0161tedjeti kazne jer bi time i\u0161ao protiv vlastitog zakona i cjelokupne politi\u010dke propagande obnove tradicionalnih rimskih vrijednosti. Sav njegov dugogodi\u0161nji trud pao bi u vodu, a to nije smio dopustiti. Morao je \u017ertvovati vlastitu k\u0107er radi svojih politi\u010dkih ciljeva.<\/span><\/p>\n

 Kazna<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Slika prikazuje izricanje Augustove kazne k\u0107eri Juliji; progonstvo na otok Pandateriju. Preuzeto: Wikipedia.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Julija je koncu optu\u017eena samo za preljub. Izvori ka\u017eu da je August razmi\u0161ljao o smrtnoj kazni, no presudila je \u010dinjenica da je njegova vlastita krv. Njezinu smrt ipak nije \u017eelio imati na svojoj du\u0161i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Protjerana je na otok Pandateriju, gdje joj je otac \u201czabranio vino i svaki vid u\u017eitka, i nije dozvoljavao da joj se itko, rob ili slobodnjak, pribli\u017ei bez njegove dozvole.\u201d Nakon nekoliko godina, August je ubla\u017eio kaznu. Premje\u0161tena je u grad Regiju, gdje ju je mogla posje\u0107ivati jedino njezina biolo\u0161ka majka Skribonija koju je tek tada upoznala.<\/span><\/p>\n

Njezinom kaznom najvi\u0161e se nasladio Tiberije. Osveta ju je sna\u0161la nakon Augustove smrti: \u201cstupiv\u0161i na prijestolje, oduze Tiberije \u017eivot gla\u0111u i polaganom malaksalosti, ra\u010dunaju\u0107i da \u0107e njezina nasilna smrt uslijed dugotrajna progonstva ostati neopa\u017eena.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Tiberije je bio u krivu. Julija nije ostala <\/span>neopa\u017eena<\/span><\/i> niti zaboravljena. Ipak je bila jedina biolo\u0161ka k\u0107i prvog rimskog cara Augusta, maestralnog propagandista i uzora ostalim kasnijim rimskim carevima.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaboravljeno naslije\u0111e<\/strong><\/h4>\n
\"\"<\/a>
Pavel Svedomsky, Protjerana Julija na Pandateriji<\/em>. Preuzeto: The Collector.<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Juliju rimska povijest pamti kao lo\u0161 primjer, kao primjer \u017eene kakva Rimljanka ne bi trebala biti. Zapam\u0107ena je kao preljubnica i mogu\u0107a urotnica protiv vlastitog oca. Njezin slu\u010daj postao je standardni model optu\u017ebe \u017eena iz rimskih dinasti\u010dkih obitelji.  Sve koje su sudjelovale u urotama protiv careva, na koncu su optu\u017eene za preljub, a ne za samu urotu.<\/p>\n

Je li Julija zaista bila dijelom urote protiv vlastitog oca, te\u0161ko je re\u0107i zbog nedostatka sa\u010duvanih podataka. Mo\u017eda ne\u0107emo nikada ni saznati. Istinu je najbolje znala ona sama.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Ulomak iz Julijinog dnevnika, Pandaterija (4. po. Kr.). Preuzeto: J. Williams, August, Fraktura 2017.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mnogi zaboravljaju njezino pravo naslje\u0111e. Istina, prva carska obitelj, Julijevsko-klaudijevska dinastija, nosi dio imena prvog rimskog cara, borca za rimski tradicionalni moral i osniva\u010da carske vlasti. No August nije imao biolo\u0161kog mu\u0161kog nasljednika, ve\u0107 k\u0107i jedinicu.<\/p>\n

Upravo je Julija, preljubnica i mogu\u0107a urotnica, zaslu\u017ena za nastavak dinastije. Zbog toga zapravo njezino ime ima ve\u0107u ulogu u davanju naziva prvoj carskoj obitelji. Njezini su potomci sjeli na rimski tron; prvo unuk Kaligula (Tiberijev nasljednik), te na koncu i praunuk Neron (posljednji car prve carske dinastije).<\/p>\n

Ironi\u010dno, razvratna krv pobijedila je Augustov moralni obiteljski zakon.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u017delite pro\u010ditati vi\u0161e ovakvih tekstova? Kliknite na \u017densku povijest<\/a> te u\u017eivajte!<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Izvori:<\/span><\/h4>
Suet. <\/span>Aug.<\/span><\/i> 65.<\/span><\/h6>
Tac.<\/span> Ann.<\/span><\/i> I .53.<\/span><\/h6>
\u00a0Plin. <\/span>HN<\/span><\/i>. 7. 45.<\/span><\/h6>
Vell. Pat. <\/span>Hist<\/span><\/i>. 100. 4-5.<\/span><\/h6>
\u00a0Adrian Goldsworthy, <\/span>Augustus<\/span><\/i>, Weidenfeld& Nicolson, London 2014.<\/span><\/h6>
Mary Beard, <\/span>SPQR: Povijest starog Rima<\/span><\/i>, \u0160kolska knjiga, Zagreb 2018.<\/span><\/h6>
John Williams, <\/span>August<\/span><\/i>, Fraktura, Zagreb 2017.<\/span><\/h6>
https:\/\/paulchrystal.com\/wayward-julia-augusti-39-bc-ad-14-daughter-of-the-worlds-most-powerful-man\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>
https:\/\/www.a-m-narona.hr\/postav\/two.php?ID=13<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>
http:\/\/ancientrome.ru\/art\/artworken\/img.htm?id=5789<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>
https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/biography\/Julia-daughter-of-Augustus<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>
https:\/\/www.thecollector.com\/julia-the-elder-augustus-daughter\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>
https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Emperor_Augustus_repudiating_his_daughter_Julia.jpg<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>
https:\/\/www.timetravelrome.com\/2019\/11\/05\/julia-exile-to-pandateria\/<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>
https:\/\/www.istrapedia.hr\/en\/natuknice\/122\/august-gaj-julije-cezar-oktavijan<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>
https:\/\/www.ancient-origins.net\/history\/unusual-life-and-death-julia-woman-trapped-empirical-intrigues-ancient-rome-006207<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>
https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/File:Rostra_Augusti_Front.svg<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>
https:\/\/feminaeromanae.org\/MacrobiusJulia.html<\/span><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Julija, punog imena Julia Augusti filia, bila je jedina biolo\u0161ka k\u0107i prvog rimskog cara Augusta (punog imena Gaj Julije Cezar Oktavijan August) i njegove druge \u017eene Skribonije te pripadnica prve carske Julijevsko-klaudijevske dinastije. Ro\u0111ena je na dan razvoda svojih roditelja. Izvori ka\u017eu da je majku upoznala tek u zrelim godinama. August je preuzeo brigu za […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1863,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[72,75,73,74],"class_list":["post-1862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vjestice-i-svetice","tag-julia-augusta-filia","tag-julijevsko-klaudijevska-dinastija","tag-rim","tag-rimsko-carstvo"],"yoast_head":"\nJulia, k\u0107er cara Augusta - \u010cuvarice vremena<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Tko je zapravo bila Julia Augusta filia? 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